Utilization of Full-Mission Ship-Handling Simulators for Navigational Risk Assessment: A Case Study of Large Vessel Passage through the Istanbul Strait

The MV Ever Given accident, which took place in the Suez Canal March 2021, showed financial consequences of marine accidents narrow channels as vessel sizes increase continuously. Fortunately, this incident did not threaten life nor environment. Nevertheless, it has shown need for a thorough investigation large passages through and confined waterways. In study, utilization bridge simulator risk assessment determining safety criteria Istanbul Strait, is one most critical difficult waterways to navigate world, given case study. literature, there are some studies illustrating navigational difficulties proposed countermeasures. However, been no study conducted determine safe passage conditions vessels Strait. Hence, Full-Mission Ship-Handling Simulator (FMSHS) was used simulate Scenarios were prepared executed together with Strait Maritime Pilots ensure realism. After scenarios simulated, outputs each scenario analyzed using Environmental Stress (ES) model highlight levels that occur during vessels, finally, necessary measures recommended mitigate risk.